Contents
 

0 Color illustrations

1 The Purpose of Two-Dimensional KOHSEI (Basic Art & Design)

1 Two-dimensional KOHSEI as a foundation of art and design
1 Two-dimensional KOHSEI and Basic Art & Design
2 What is "Basic" education?

2 The purpose of two-dimensional KOHSEI
1 Goals of two-dimensional KOHSEI
2 Contents of two-dimensional KOHSEI
 

2 The Elements of Formative Arts

1 Materials and tools
1 Materials for two-dimensional compositions
2 Tools for two-dimensional compositions

2 Elements of two-dimensional compositions
1 Points
(1) Negative points / (2) Creating lines using points / (3) Creating planes using points
(4) Moiré / (5) Points of light

2 Lines
(1) Relation between points, lines, and planes
(2) Lines and tools / (3) Kinds of lines
(4) Functions of lines / (5) Passive lines
(6) Conversion of a line to points, and points to a line / (7) Making planes using lines

3 Planes
(1) Filled plane shapes and volume
(2) Unfilled plane shapes using closed lines / (3) Plane shapes using open lines
(4) Expressions of planes and others

4 Solids and spaces
(1) Expressions of solid shapes in two-dimensional space
(2) Open forms / (3) Cubic effect

5 Relief

3 The Formative Grammar of Art -- A
- Compositions -

Centrifugal Composition

1 Arrangement and multiplication
1 Various arrangements
(1) Overlapping arrangement / (2) Contacting arrangement / (3) Non-contacting arrangement
(4) Focusing arrangement / (5) Spreading arrangement
(6) Balanced arrangement / (7) Unbalanced arrangement

2 Multiplying compositions using a unit
(1) Selection of a unit
(2) Multiplying compositions using a new unit

Centripetal Compositions

2 Division and proportion
1 Various divisions
(1) Equal-shaped division / (2) Equal-area division
(3) Free compositions using equal divisions
(4) Methods of division and the number of kinds of divisions
(5) Divisions using tiles / (6) Gradually changing divisions
(7) Division using  similar shapes / (8) Free division

2 Proportion and progression
(1) Golden ratio / (2) Root rectangles / (3) Progression

Sense of Balance in Compositions

3 Harmony and comparison
1 Balance · contrast · unity
(1) Balance / (2) Contrast / (3) Unity

2 Symmetry
(1) Translation / (2) Rotation / (3) Mirror reflection / (4) Expansion
(5) Combined use of symmetry operations / (6) Unsymmetry

4 The Formative Grammar of Art - B
- Creation of Illusions -

Illusions and Impossible Diagrams

1 Illusion
1 Psychology of illusions
(1) Illusion on distortion of shapes / (2) Illusion on shifts in line positions and angles
(3) Distortions of sight on vertical direction / (4) Differences in views of the same size
(5) Illusion on brightness / (6) Visual angle designation

2 Double views
(1) Double images / (2) Coexistence of normal and inverse illustrations
(3) Reversal perspective illusions

2 Impossible diagrams
1 Various impossible diagrams
(1) The use of reversal perspective illusion
(2) Illusions by intersection of shapes
(3) Impossible diagrams using the Penrose Triangle
(4) Solids which transform into different shapes

2 Others

Illusion of Three Dimensions

3 Expression with three-dimensional effect
1 Ideas to express a shape and its arrangement with three-dimensional effect
(1) Use of oblique lines and oblique projections
(2) Expression by density / (3) Shapes concentrating toward a point
(4) Radial lines / (5) Envelopes
(6) Expression of depth by shapes with different sizes / (7) Overlapping

2 Expression of three-dimensional effect using colors and textures
(1) Effect of gradation (shading) / (2) Three-dimensional effect by texture and  gradual 
change of brightness
(3) Three-dimensional effect using colored surfaces

3 Expression of three-dimensions using destruction of system
(1) Parallel lines changing in direction / (2) Deformed square lattices

4 Expression of transparency
1 Expression using points
2 Expression using lines
3 Expression using planes

Illusion of Four Dimensions

5 Movement
1 Studies on arrangements
(1) Movement of breaking out / (2) Movement with has the image of progressive destruction
(3) Effect of obliqueness / (4) Image of rotation
(5) Concentrated movements towards a fixed direction

2 Studies on shapes
(1) Wave forms / (2) Deviation, movement, and repetition of shapes 
(3) Vibration, curves, and others

3 Studies on colors

6 Rhythm
1 Repetition
(1) Expression of rhythm using congruent shapes
(2) Expression of rhythm using similar shapes
(3) Expression of rhythm using resembling shapes
(4) Rhythm and arrangement

2 Complicated rhythm
(1) Assembly of gradually changing shapes / (2) Use of multiple structures

Deformation

7 Deformation and metamorphosis
1 Coordinate change 
2 Anamorphosis - Deformation by mirrors -
3 Metamorphosis - Deformation by lenses -

5 Development of Techniques

1 Development of conceptions
1 Introduction of spatial thinking
(1) Works using shadows of shapes / (2) Hide-and-seek of shapes

2 Reexamination of structural thinking
(1) Non-decimal system thinking / (2) Use of considering designs and conditions

2 Search for modeling possibility of materials
1 Creation of accident configurations
(1) Ideas for using color paints (blurring, blowing, dropping, flowing India ink, melting
out, repellency, faint patterns)
(2) Ideas for using tools (splashing of paints, flipping, striking, shaking, popping)
(3) Printing and pressing (frottage, decarucomany, stamping, embossing)
(4) Ideas for using paper (rubbing and twisting, scratching, tearing, cutting and pasting)

2 Texture
(1) Texture of the predominant sense of touch
(2) Texture of the sight predominance / (3) Application to art and design

3 Stream lines · freely curved lines
(1) Freehand-drawn curved lines / (2) Curved lines in nature
(3) Free curves drawn using tools

4 Application to art and design
 

References

Illustration author list

Introduction of the author